Submission history
Received: December 19, 2023
Accepted: June 24, 2024
Published online: September 4, 2024
Published in issue: September 10, 2024
Acknowledgments
We warmly thank the patients and their families for participating in the study. We thank the members of the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases for discussions. We thank Yelena Nemirovskaya, Dana Liu, Mark Woollett, Lazaro Lorenzo-Diaz, Christine Rivalain, Maya Charabieh, Kerel Francis, and Tatiana Kochetkov for administrative and technical assistance. We thank Madeline Couse and Taila Hartley for data collection for our second patient. The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the NIH (R01AI127564), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award program (UL1TR001866), the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the “Investments for the Future” program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (EQU201903007798), ANR LTh-MSMD-CMCD (ANR-18-CE93-0008) and ANR AI2D (ANR-22-CE15-0046) projects, the ANR-RHU COVIFERON program (ANR-21-RHUS-08), the HORIZON-HLTH-2021-DISEASE-04 program under grant agreement 101057100 (UNDINE), the Square Foundation, Grandir—Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, William E. Ford, General Atlantic’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gabriel Caillaux, General Atlantic’s Co-President, Managing Director and Head of Business in Europe, Middle East and Africa, and the General Atlantic Foundation, Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Paris Cité University. T.L.V. is supported by the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation and the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute. M.P.L. was supported by an ESID Bridge Grant and the International Pasteur-Paris Université-Institut Imagine PhD program. M.R.L.M.R. was supported by the INSERM PhD program for medical doctors (Poste d’Accueil INSERM) and the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (Paris, France). R.L. was supported by the INSERM PhD program for medical doctors (Poste d’Accueil INSERM), a Fulbright grant (Franco-American commission), a Philipp Foundation grant, and the INSERM Bettencourt program. K.H. was supported by a Japanese Foundation for Pediatric Research fellowship grant and a EURO CMC grant. M.O. was supported by the David Rockefeller Graduate Program, the New York Hideyo Noguchi Memorial Society, the Funai Foundation for Information Technology, and the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation. C.S.M. was supported by an Early-Mid Career Research Fellowship from the Department of Health of the New South Wales Government of Australia. S.G.T. was a Principal Research Fellow (1042925) and was supported by a program grant (1113904) awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. He currently holds an NHMRC Leadership 3 Investigator Grant (1176665). A.L. is supported by the NAID Intramural Research Program. I.C. is supported by the NINDS Intramural Research Program and discloses shareholdings in AG, Nouscom AG, and PDC*line Pharma (not relevant to this work).
Author Contributions
A.P. designed research; T.L.V., M.R.L.M.R., K.M., M.P.L., T.N., L.G., A.C., M.O., C.A.A.-F., V.B., R.L., M.M., and S.B.-D. performed research; T.R., E.K.D., I.C., A.L., K.B., P.F., C.S.M., and F.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; T.L.V., M.R.L.M.R., K.M., M.P.L., T.N., L.G., A.C., M.O., C.A.A.-F., V.B., R.L., M.M., F.R., Y.I., L.A., S.B.-D., B.B., N.L., J.-L.C., S.G.T., and A.P. analyzed data; T.R., I.C., A.L., C.S.M., P.F., and F.C. clinical supervision, sample collection; and T.L.V., M.R.L.M.R., K.M., M.P.L., J.-L.C., S.G.T., and A.P. wrote the paper.
Competing Interests
Notes
Reviewers: A.R.G., Newcastle University; and T.N., Helios Clinic Krefeld.
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